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What is a single acting pneumatic air cylinder?

August 05, 2024
Pneumatic cylinder (made of cylinder tube, piston rod, cylinder head), also known as cylinder, pneumatic actuator or pneumatic driver, is a relatively simple mechanical device that converts the energy of compressed air into linear motion. Compared to hydraulic or electric cylinders, cylinders are lightweight, have low maintenance costs, and typically operate at lower speeds and with less force. However, in many industrial environments, they are a clean and cost-effective choice for reliable linear motion. The most common design includes a cylinder or tube with sealed ends, one end with a lid and the other end with a lid. The cylinder contains a piston that is connected to a rod. The rod is driven by compressed air to enter and exit one end of the pipe. There are two main styles: single screen and double screen.
 
Pneumatic air cylinder design:
In a single acting pneumatic cylinder, air is supplied to one side of the piston through a port, causing the piston rod to extend in one direction to complete tasks such as lifting objects. The other side releases air into the environment. The movement in the opposite direction most commonly occurs through mechanical springs, which cause the piston rod to return to its original or base position. Some single acting cylinders use gravity, weight, mechanical motion, or externally installed springs to drive the return stroke, although these designs are less common. In contrast, the double acting cylinder has two ports that provide compressed air for the extension and retraction of the piston rod. Double acting design is more typical in the entire industry, with an estimated 95% of applications using this cylinder style. However, in some applications, single acting cylinders are the most cost-effective and suitable solution.
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In a single acting cylinder, the design can be a "base position reduction" with spring reset or a "base state addition" with elastic extension. This depends on whether the compressed air is used to provide power for the output stroke or the input stroke. Another way to consider these two options is to push and pull. In push design, air pressure generates thrust and pushes the piston. Adopting a tension design, air pressure generates thrust to pull the piston. The most widely specified type is the pressure extension type, which uses internal springs to return the piston to its base position when air is expelled. One advantage of single acting design is that in the event of power or pressure loss, the piston will automatically return to its basic position. The disadvantage of this style is that due to the opposite spring force, the output force is somewhat inconsistent throughout the entire stroke. The travel length is also limited by the space required for compressing the spring and the available spring length.
Also remember, for a single acting cylinder, some work may be lost due to the opposite spring force. When determining the size of this type of cylinder, the reduction of this force must be taken into account. Diameter and stroke are the most important factors to consider in the process of size calculation. Diameter refers to the diameter of the piston, which defines the force of the piston relative to the air pressure. The available cylinder diameter is defined by the cylinder type and ISO or other standards. The stroke defines how many millimeters the piston and piston rod can move. Generally speaking, the larger the inner diameter of the cylinder, the greater the output force. The typical range of cylinder inner diameter dimensions is 8 to 320 millimeters.
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The final factor to consider is installation style. There are many configurations to choose from depending on the manufacturer. Some of the most common ones include foot installation, tail installation, rear pivot installation, and ear pivot installation. The optimal option will be determined by specific applications and other system components.
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